Diameter Protocol
Why Diameter Protocol is important to learn?Diameter protocol was derived from the RADIUS protocol with a lot of changes and improvements in different aspects aligned with Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) protocol.
The Diameter protocol is not backward compatible with RADIUS and it is widely used in the IMS architecture, LTE/EPC, VoLTE, PCRF, and many IMS entities to exchange AAA-related information.
You need to learn about Diameter protocol architecture, signaling, security and more topics.
Because LTE/EPC, VoLTE and IMS system are the next big things in the telecom and IT industry, we believe that Diameter protocol is necessary for many future applications such as VoLTE, Policy and Charging and more.
Learn about:
- Diameter protocol stack
- Diameter protocol architecture
- Diameter protocol specification
- Radius vs. Diameter protocol
- AAA Diameter protocol
- Avp in Diameter protocol
- Diameter protocol error codes
As mobile operators migrate to all-IP networks (access to core), signaling standards are migrating from SS7 to Diameter and SIP.
At its core, Diameter enables the exchange of policy information within and between network operators. Diameter has also been developed as the foundation for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) functions in IP-based networks.
Mobile Network Evolution
- SS7 Protocol for Voice
- Migration from SS7 to the SIP and Diameter Protocol
- Diameter Protocol for All-IP Networks
SS7, the intelligent signaling layer in TDM networks is replaces in LTE and IMS networks by two protocols: SIP and Diameter.
SIP: call control used to establish voice, messaging and multimedia communication sessions
Diameter is used to exchange subscriber profile information authentication, charging, QoS and mobility
IETF Interfaces
RFC 3588 Diameter Base Protocol. September 2003. Diameter
RFC 3589 Diameter Command Codes for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 5. September 2003.
RFC 4004 Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application. August 2005.
RFC 4005 Diameter Network Access Server Application August 2005.
RFC 4006 Diameter Credit-Control Application. August 2005.
RFC 4072 Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Application. August 2005.
RFC 4740 Diameter Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Application. M. November 2006.
RFC 5224 Diameter Policy Processing Application. March 2008.
RFC 5431 Diameter ITU-T Rw Policy Enforcement Interface Application. March 2009.
RFC 5447 Diameter Mobile IPv6: Support for Network Access Server to Diameter Server Interaction. February 2009.
RFC 5516 Diameter Command Code Registration for the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Evolved Packet System (EPS). April 2009.
Example of Diameter in 3GPP Interfaces
Ro/Rf: AS to OCS/OFCS 32.225 Release 5
Sh/Dh: AS to HSS/SLF 29.328/329 Release10
Cx/Dx: CSCF to HSS/SLF 29.228/229 Release10
Rx: AS to PCRF
29.214 Release 10 Gx: PCEF to PCRF
29.212 Release 10 Gy: PCEF to OCS
32.251 Release 10 Gz: PCEF to OFCS
32.295 Release 9 Dw/Wa/Wd/Wx/Wm/Wg/Pr: I-WLAN
29.234 Release 9 S6a/d: MME/SGSN to HSS
29.272 Release 10 S6b/SWa/SWd/SWx/SWm/H2: EPS AAA
29.273 Release 10 S9: V-PCRF to H-PCRF
Example of Diameter in 3GPP2 Interfaces
Ro/Rf: AS to OCS/OCFS
X.S0013-007/8-A Version 1
Sh/Dh: AS to HSS/SLF
X.S0013-010/11-B Version 1
Cx/Dx: CSCF to HSS/SLF
X.S0013-005/6-B Version 1
Tx: CSCF to PCRF
X.S0013-013-0 Version 1
Ty: AG to PCRF
X.S0013-014-0 Version 1
Ro/Rf: AS to OCS/OCFS
X.S0013-007/8-A Version 1
Sh/Dh: AS to HSS/SLF
X.S0013-010/11-B Version 1
Cx/Dx: CSCF to HSS/SLF
X.S0013-005/6-B Version 1
Tx: CSCF to PCRF
X.S0013-013-0 Version 1
Ty: AG to PCRF
X.S0013-014-0 Version 1
Transport and Security
Transport: SCTP (or TCP)
RFC 2960/4960 (Note: SCTP supplied in Linux kernel 2.6 /Solaris 10 and later.)
Security: IPSec and TLS
RFC 4301 and RFC 4346 (Note: Uses OpenSSL and GnuTLS )
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